week 28

video: testing and simulation of wind energy trainer
above shows the testing for wind energy trainer operation and the measuring output voltage .The fan acts as a wind to blow and spin the wind turbine . The output were shown in the red panel meter box.

week 27

video:testing and simulation of solar energy trainer
above shows the testing for solar energy trainer operation and the measuring output voltage . The heat lamp as sun thst replace the sunlight array to heat and give light to solar pv . The output were shown in the red panel meter box.

week 26

video:testing and simulation of hydro energy trainer

above shows the testing for hydro energy trainer operation and the measuring output voltage and current. The water were pump as as a water pressure to spin the turbine. The output were shown in the red panel meter box.

week 25

Figure 1: measured supply for the renewable energy trainer

Vin = 12v

Iin = 0.95A

Figure 2: testing the panel meter box for solar output

Figure 3: latest technology of panel meter was use to get the exact input reading of voltage, current, energy and power. 

week 24

Figure 1: Green LED was install as an indicator 

Figure 2: construct the panel box for reading output of the three renewable energy wind,solar and hydro.

VIDEO : digital panel meter

week 23

Figure 1: The design of wind turbine with replaced source using 12v fan.

week 22

Figure 1: construct the Pv Solar panel station with replaced source of 12v heat lamp.

week 21

Figure 1: construct the hydro turbine model

Figure 2: The blade for hydro turbine was install inside, this will make it easier to spin according to the speed adjusted for water pressure. 12 Vdc motor was install at the outside of the case to prevent it to be exposed to water splash.

VIDEO: the design of hydro turbine are followed in the video as the reference.

Week 20

Figure 1: system troubleshoot for solar, hydro and wind

figure 2: Updated connection diagram for renewable energy trainer

Figure 3: second design for this project

*noted that the second design is the latest design for the renewable energy trainer.

Week 19

Design the project

Figure 1: First design of renewable energy trainer

figure 2: The combination of the three renewable energy

week 18

  All component are safely arrived. 

*Designing the project.

figure 1: paper draft for solar station

Figure 2: paper draft for wind station

Figure 3: paper draft for hydro station

week 17

 Update : Several Component are added for this project

7) 12 v dc fan

Specifications: 

1. Voltage: DC 12V 

2. Clip Jaw Width: 5cm / 2.0"(Maximum) 

3. Fan Frame Diameter: 21cm / 8" 

4. Overall Size(Approx.): 28 x 21 x 16cm / 11" x 6.7" x 6.3" 

5. Material: Metal(Frame), Plastic(Fan Blade) 

6. Net Weight: 524g 

Package includes: 

1*12V 8Inch Portable Fan for Car 

8) Dc motor 12V

Model Number   :  R-385

Motor Diameter :  27.7 MM

Motor Height      : 37.8 MM (Not include output shaft)

Output shaft Diameter :  2.3 MM

Output shaft length  :  13 MM (starting from the front panel)

Voltage  :   DC3-12V

Speed     :  14000RPM(12V)

9)Panel Amp Volt Meter

• Measuring range: DC 0-100V 0-100A (more than 10A need shunt)
• Working voltage: 4.5-30V DC
• Working current: <20mA
• Refresh rate: about 100mS/times
• Measure accuracy: 1% (± 1 digit)
• Operating temperature: -15 to 70 ℃
• Red line thin: power supply+
• Black line thin: power supply -
• Blue line (thick): PW+, measuring terminal voltage input positive
• Yellow line (thick): IN+, current input
• Green line thick: COM, common measuring

FYP 2

Week 16


INTRODUCTION 

 The final year project 2 is basically a continue progress from the previous final year project 1. The project of Renewable Energy Trainer was construct and build during the final year project 2. By designing the schematic diagram of  trainer shape and circuit base of three renewable energy kit. All the progress of hardware and circuit will be update week by week according to working plan.



in week 16, i had decided to make a list to purchase the component and equipment use.

component and material order list :

1) 

DC Digital Multifunction Power Meter Energy Monitor Module Voltmeter Ammeter 6.5V-100V

Feature:                                                                                                                                                                                              

  

20A DC multifunction power meter LCD display wih backlight, easy to read Bult-in shunt design, no extra needed Power, current, voltage and energy display and monitor timely , easy to know electric energy consumption Electric energy clear function, perfect for various device monitor separately overload alarm function (over power alarm threshold, the backlight and voltage flashing alarm) Power memory, shave the power parameter when power down, safe to use.

Description:                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Working Voltage		DC 6.5V-100V
Measuring Voltage		DC 6.5V-100V
Measuring Voltage		0-20A
Rated Power		2000W
Display		LCD
Display Format	Power	0.0-999.9W (<1KW)
		1000-2000w(>1KW)
	Energy	0-999Wh(<10KWh)
		10-9999KWh(>10KWh)
	Voltage	6.50-99.99V
	Current	0.00-20.00A

2)   Mini 3V-35V DC PWM Speed Controller

Feature:

PWM DC motor speed controller is a very safe product.
When the situation is overcurrent, it will disconnect by itself. after cooling off a few seconds, the fuse will recovery automatically.
With high voltage and high current resettable fuse
Mini but useful

Specification:

Operating voltage: DC3V-35V
Control power: 90W (maximum)
Quiescent current: 0.015A (standby)
PWM duty cycle: 1% -100%
PWM frequency: 10khz
Size: 29mm*23mm (excluding handles)
Total height: 15mm

3) LED Spotlight Bulb 12V DC

Description :

MR16 4W Warm White 360LM SMD 3528 LED Spotlight Bulb 12V DC

Connector : MR16

Type :  LED Light Bulbs

LED Quantity : 60

Wattage : 4W

Voltage : DC 12V

Light Color : Warm White(2700-3200k),White(6000-6500k) 

LED Source : SMD 3528

Lumens : 360Lm

Dimension(mm) : 50mm x 47mm (H*D)

Beam Angle : 120 Degree

Features :

1.Energy Saving

2.Long operating life

3.Innovation bulb chandelier, return to the ancients, apply to the bar, evening party, decorate

4.Suitable for hotel, dining-room,meeting room, drawing room,showroom, shop,corridor, telephone booth,studio and exhibition etc. as partial lighting.

5.Entertainment Lighting, Architectural Lighting, City Beautification, Partial Lighting, Decorative illumination at home and public areas

4) Micro Wind/HYDRO Turbines Rotating Blades Generator Small DC Motor

Specification:

Motor diameter : 24.5mm/0.96"
Motor height : 3mm/1.18"
Motor shaft diameter : 2mm/0.079"
Motor shaft length : 13.5mm/0.53"
Blade diameter : 100mm/3.94" (after assembling)
Blade aperture : 1.95mm/0.077"
Output voltage : DC 0.01V - 5.5V
Output current : 0.01 - 100mA
Rated speed : 100 - 6000 rev/min

5) 12V DC 4L/Min 100PSI High Pressure Diaphragm Water Pump

Easy to install.

Corrosion resistant.

Totally sealed, high stable pressure.

Rubber bracket can absorb vibration from the pump when working.

When the water pressure is too high, pump will protect themselves and normal work, water pipes will not burst, it is safe and durable.

Specifications : 

Volts : 12V DC

Amp Draw : 3.0AMP

Pressure : 100 PSI ( 5.5Bar )

Inlet/ Outlet : 0.5 inch/ 10mm hose barb

Flow : 4L/ min

Temperature : 0-60 degree Celsius

Size : 16 x 10 x 6.5 cm/ 6.30 x 3.94 x 2.56 inch

Weight : 592g

Length of Red Line : 57.5cm/ 22.64 inch

Length of Yellow Line : 49cm/ 19.29 inch

6)  12V DC 50mm Blow Radial Cooling Fan

Feature:

Excellent for cooling heatsinks on hot ends, prints, or other cooling needs
Made of high quality PBT+30% glass line +VO
Bearing is high precision, long life and low noise
Temperature of usage environment: -20℃ to 75℃
Working environment temperature: 40℃
Service life: Can be continuous working 24 hours
Speed: 4500, 6500 (R/min)
Voltage: DC 12V
Size: 50 x 50 x 15mm
Structure: Sleeve bearing

week 15

Proposal

-Submit proposal for development of renewable energy.

week 14

Working Plan FYP 1

Working Plan FYP 2

week 13

Presentation day

presentation day at hall for Fyp 1 student. 

week 12

Proposed Design 

Project Costing

No	Item	Qty	Price(RM)	Total(RM)
1	Photovoltaic panel	1	90.00	90.00
2	12v Hydroelectric Power Micro-hydro Generator	1	49.90	49.90
3	12v wind turbine Power Micro-wind Generator	1	49.90	49.90
4	Inverter Circuit	1	15.00	15.00
5	7 segment	6	3.00	18.00
6	Plastic perspect (4x8)	1	60.00	60.00
7	AC 110V 200L/H small Submersible water pump	1	12.00	12.00
8	12v DC Fan	1	15.00	15.00
9	12v spotlight lamp	3	9.00	27.00
10	Metal box	1	30.00	30.00
11	Potentiometer	3	1.50	4.50
				371.30

week 11

BLOCK DIAGRAM

the block diagram of the renewable energy trainer operation. There are 4 important parts in the block diagram that is the input of resource that is 12v spotlight, 12v fan and 12v water pump that was applied with power supply. The 3 component give input to each renewable energy panel. The input was detect by each panel and sent to inverter as to invert DC to AC. Lastly, the 7 segments display the output measurement in voltage and current parameters. 

week 10

Measuring Solar Panel Power Output

Load of PV panel

The power output of a solar panel depends on the resistance of the electrical load to which it is connected. In an open circuit situation (infinite resistance) the voltage of the solar panel will be high, but no current will flow and therefore no power is generated. In a short circuit situation (zero resistance) current flows, but with zero voltage and so again no power is generated. These results all follow from ohms law  which gives the relationships between voltage, current, resistance, and power.A collection of power resistors of different values are required. A power resistor is a resistor  which can cope with high power (and therefore heat) without being damaged. A standard 1/4 or 1/2 watt resistor will not do the job as it will overheat and be destroyed. Pictured above is a 2 Ohm resistor rated up to 50 Watts of power. power output is totally depending on the value of the resistor used.

The analysis would require instrumentation to measure 2 parameters:

1. System voltage
2. System current

connection of multimeter


reading and measurement 

above is the video to measure PV panel using Multimeter.

Measuring Wind and Hydro power output

 For wind and hydro energy, it involve of turbine parts which is it converts mechanical energy to electrical form. Therefore, to measure theturbine we have to make a  reservoir that with enough pressure for the water to turn the turbine. As for educational purpose, we are replacing big turbines with suitable size of turbine so that i will be ease and less cost to build. The method use are same as Pv panel measurement that is by using multimeter to measure the 2 parameters, voltage and current output.The modification of turbine are also affect the size of control circuit that are use. As for this project, we are using mini turbine 12V DC Hydroelectric Power Micro-hydro Generator. This turbine produce output that can be measured directly.this turbine are used in both wind and hydro trainer. This turbines also use to covert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy. On the top of the large turbines there's a generator that converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. Gears connect the generator to the turbine shaft and the electronic systems of the turbine regulate the motion in order to produce electric current of a specific frequency and voltage.The output power of the turbine are measure in power . (watts) . For wind energy the modification needed a suitable wind blade get the rotation from fan wind that applied. For hydro, the design on blade are basically to be capable of accommodating the pressure of water from the reservoir.To get the smooth and perfect rotation of the turbine, the design of blade has to be done. The design are depending on the pressure that will be applied to move the blade weight. 

 12V DC Hydroelectric Power Micro-hydro Generator

Features :

1. Unique hydropower separation technology, with unique dual clutch, magnetic circuit coupling volume is only about 4/5 of the normal micro hydroelectric generator, the output power is 2 to 3 times higher than the ordinary generator.

2. High efficiency, long life of waterway design and low flow loss, low water pressure, load short circuiting, also can start smoothly.

3. 4.2V/ 5V/ 12V/ 80V, total 4 models for option~

1). F50-80V : 0 to 80V DC output, generator without regulating circuit, peak voltage reach 80V, can be directly charging for 3-12V 10W LED lights or for small storage battery, the charging current is 220 ma, because when charging the battery in the same time it also being used in a timely manner, so the voltage automatically maintain at about 14V, so it can keep the right voltage for the storage battery charging.

2). F50-12V : 12V DC voltage output, can give the power or recharge for the radio with 12V working voltage, or for the LED.

3). F50-4.2V : 4.2V DC output, can recharge for the ordinary lithium battery etc.

4). F50-5V : 5V DC voltage output, can charging for the mobile phone, can also recharge for the ordinary lithium battery with management chip etc.


Specification :

1. Water inlet/outlet : 1/2"
2. Output Voltage : 4.2V/ 5V/ 12V/ 80V
3. Max power : 10W
4. Output Current : max 220mA
5. Outlet closed highest pressure : 0.6MP
6. Outlet opening the highest pressure : 1.2MP
7. Startup pressure 0.05 Mpa
8. Working Temperature Range : 5°C ~ 85°C

measurement of hydro power

the working principles of hydro turbines

Hydro turbines

Design of wind blade

Calculator to calculate expected wind power output.